Freud believed that the latent content of a dream was suppressed and hidden by the subconscious mind to protect the person from thoughts and feelings that were hard to cope with. While the mind hides these feelings in the unconscious and subconscious mind, such thoughts, fears, and desires still have a way of influencing conscious thoughts and behaviors. Freud believed that the contents of the unconscious could lead to problems and dysfunction.
By uncovering the hidden meaning of dreams , Freud believed that people could better understand their problems and resolve the issues that create difficulties in their lives. In Freud's psychoanalytic interpretation, dreams center on wish fulfillment.
People dream about the things that they secretly wish and desire. Many of these urges might be inappropriate or shocking, so the mind disguises the hidden meaning in the manifest content of the dream. By bringing the symbolic meaning to light, Freud believed that people could find relief from a variety of psychological afflictions. Freud described a number of different defense mechanisms that the mind uses to censor the latent content of a dream, including displacement, projection, symbolization, condensation, and rationalization.
Displacement involves replacing one thing with something else. In a dream, you might find yourself irrationally upset with a relatively trivial or seemingly harmless object or person. Freud would suggest that this object is simply a stand-in for the thing that is truly bothering you.
This defense mechanism involves placing your unacceptable feelings on someone else. For example, you might dream that someone in your life dislikes you, but in reality, you dislike them. This type of distortion reduces your anxiety by allowing you to express the feeling, but in a way that your ego does not recognize. The symbolization process involves acting out the repressed urge in a symbolic act. Freud might interpret dreaming about smoking a cigarette or inserting a key into a car's ignition as having a sexual meaning.
Condensation involves minimizing the representation of your hidden urges during the dream. Multiple dream elements might be combined into one single image that serves to disguise the real meaning. The dream always makes new connections: the dream is a creation, not a replay. Sleep Med. Hill, C. Dreaming of you: client and therapist dreams about each other during psychodynamic psychotherapy. Horton, C.
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Prigogine, I. New York, NY: Bantam books. Rauchs, G. The relationships between memory systems and sleep stages. Sleep Res. Whereas the symbols that constitute waking language are largely verbal and only partly unconscious, those that constitute dreams are presumably more thoroughly disguised and represented as arcane hallucinated hieroglyphs. From this perspective, both the language of the dream and that of waking life are secondary process manifestations.
Interpretation of the dream using the secondary process model involves the assumption of a linear two-way "road" connecting manifest and latent aspects, which in one direction involves the work of dream construction and in the other permits the associative process of decoding and interpretation. It was published late in the year and released in The book explained the double level of dreams: the actual dream with its "manifest content," and the dream's true if hidden meaning, or "latent content.
He also outlined a sort of universal language of dreams, by which they might be interpreted. Most people now agree that The Interpretation of Dreams was Freud's most important work, but it took eight years to sell the copies printed in In the first year and a half, no scientific journal reviewed it and few other periodicals mentioned it.
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