What is the difference between valence electrons and all electrons

The electrons in the 3d orbital are also considered as valence electrons because the 3d orbital is located outside the 4s orbital the energy of 3d is higher than the 4s orbital. Figure 1: Valence Electrons of Carbon. The oxidation state of an atom depends on the valence electrons of that atom. Some atoms remove valence electrons in order to get stabilized. Then the oxidation state of that atom increases. Some atoms gain more electrons in the outermost orbital. Then the number of valence electrons of that atom increases.

It decreases the oxidation state of the atom. Free electrons are electrons that are not attached to an atom. Free electrons cannot be found everywhere.

This is because a lone electron is very reactive and can react with anything. But in crystal structures and metals, free electrons can be found. Free electrons are the delocalized electrons from the lattice.

In crystal structures, some electrons do not remain in their place due to crystal defects. They become free electrons that can move anywhere inside the lattice. These electrons are responsible for the conduction of heat and electricity. Figure 2: Free Electrons in a Metal Lattice. In metals, there are free electrons between metal ions.

It is a lattice of metal ions in a sea of free electrons. These free electrons can conduct heat and electricity through the metal. These free electrons can conduct an electrical current via the metal. Valence Electrons: Valence electrons are the electrons present in the outermost orbitals of an atom. Related questions How do valence electrons affect chemical bonding?

How do valence electrons determine chemical properties? How do valence electrons determine chemical reactivity? How many valence electrons are in a silicon atom? How many valence electrons are in an atom of chlorine? How many valence electrons are in an atom of magnesium? How many valence electrons are in an atom of phosphorus? How many valence electrons are in an atom of bromine? How many valence electrons are in carbon?

What does the atomic number tell us? Why is the atomic number used to identify elements? Why is the atomic number a whole number? Why is atomic number represented by Z? How did Dmitri Mendeleev contribute to the atomic number?

How is the atomic number affected by gamma decay? See all questions in Atomic Number.