From an international perspective, the main issue is to sustain and improve world growth and improve growth per capita. This breaks down into the problems of Western Europe, Japan, the United States, Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, and the problems of the more and less advanced developing countries.
Robert Malpas noted that it becomes essential for all these players to harness technology for growth; however, this effort is frequently constrained by protectionism, concerns about intellectual property, the demands of international marketing and finance, and, of course, national security. The net result appears to be that emerging nations, with a few exceptions, have even more difficulty achieving the growth necessary to close the gap with leading nations.
Among the trends at the international level that can help sustain and improve world growth: the rebirth of interest in manufacturing, the spread of expert systems which multiply skills and help in the industrialization process, the acceptance of multinational corporations, the privatization of various industries, and the increased interest of governments in technology.
As evidenced by the papers in this volume, these four relationships at the human, institutional, national, and international levels permeate discussions on the globalization of technology. In his keynote paper, Simon Ramo maintains that technological issues lie at the heart of most of the social, economic, and political issues of today, sometimes causing problems but more often offering possibilities for their solution.
From this perspective, Ramo goes on to make several intriguing predictions about the role of technology in the future. Particularly powerful influences on the diffusion of new technological processes and products will be governments, corporations, national security concerns, and the rate of advances in scientific research.
Technological discovery will become a global rather than an individual or national endeavor. As a result, new mechanisms will be developed to facilitate the flow of technology, despite protectionist-nationalist tendencies to stem the free exchange of information. One of these influences impeding the flow of technology is national security concerns.
Ramo, however, is optimistic about the direction of the two superpowers, predicting that offensive forces will be reduced, thereby lessening interference with the flow of advanced technology and allowing the application of military technologies to peacetime applications in manufacturing, transportation, and services.
Since the role of government in setting a national direction for technology is so pervasive, its relationship to the private sector in the. Yet, Ramo argues, it is only the government that can perform the regulatory functions necessary for the smooth operation of free enterprise activity that makes use of new technologies. It is also the government, he says, that will be the primary obstacle to diffusion of the benefits of technology to world society.
As experts on the costs and benefits of developing technology, engineers are in a key position to contribute to policy formation of these issues. For engineers to better prepare themselves for the future, Ramo suggests that engineering education place more emphasis on the links between engineering and its societal applications.
The result, he says, will be engineers equipped to play a broader role in influencing government policies and practices regarding technological advance. He compares manufacturing to agriculture—although it will no longer dominate the economy or provide the majority of jobs, it will continue to perform an important function even in a service-oriented society.
Certain key technologies are bringing about this transition, both creating new industries and rejuvenating mature ones, and in the process are changing patterns of development throughout the world. The rapid spread of innovation makes it imperative that firms quickly exploit any competitive advantage.
Moreover, their increased ability to operate in the global marketplace rein-forces the importance of cooperative agreements to advance innovation. Another force driving the trend toward cooperation is the increasingly scientific nature of technology, which requires that firms take a cross-disciplinary approach to solving problems. Despite their influence in shaping a new pattern of global competition, each has unique problems.
The United States, though a leader in developing emergent technologies, is facing the double threat of enormous budget and trade deficits as well as deindustrialization of traditional economic sectors. Japan, which has demonstrated enormous success in commercializing new technologies, has an economy excessively dependent on exports. Western Europe has the cultural tradition and core of excellent research groups to facilitate its leadership in the technology arena, yet it lacks the cohesion necessary to develop strategic initiatives in important sectors.
Colombo optimistically concludes that globalization will bring the emergence of many small and medium-size multinational firms that will rely on. Governments will provide oversight and strategic direction. The impact on developing countries will be enormous. With the help of new technologies, Third World countries can transform their raw materials and energy into value-added commodities and thereby accelerate economic development without dysfunctional effects.
It is the responsibility of developed countries, Colombo concludes, to see that this happens. Though desirable, the alliances proposed by Colombo are not easily established.
As Gerald Dinneen points out in his paper on trends in international technological cooperation, international arrangements, whether they be international marketing organizations, joint ventures, or creation of subsidiaries, are necessary if industries are to get a proper return on investment and remain competitive.
Despite these barriers, Dinneen says, international labs and exchanges of scholars and students in schools of engineering have been effective mechanisms for fostering international cooperation. Western Europe, he says, faces the unique difficulties posed by its diversity and nationalistic tendencies. George Pake describes a number of key advances in software: architecture of hardware systems used for software development; advances in writing, editing, running, and debugging of software; development of different programming languages; and systematic forward planning and task analysis.
The creativity so evident in software technology today is not in danger, Pake says, despite the trend toward greater standardization and the possibility that ossification of the development system could occur in the future. Pierre Aigrain addresses several provocative questions about materials, particularly pertaining to the rate at which discoveries are made, the extent to which applications are found, and the impact of these discoveries on industry and society.
Citing the influence of the market and the continued interaction between science and materials research, Aigrain predicts that the rapid trajectory of materials discovery will continue. However, processing. The development of superconductors illustrates this point, and he concludes with a description of the impact these new materials in particular will have on industry and society.
Lars Ramqvist provides insight on several of the cutting edge technologies that have had a major impact on information technologies. These include VLSI technology, computers, software and artificial intelligence, fiber optics, networks, and standards.
In addition, he looks at three main applications of information technologies—normal voice telephony, mobile telephony, and data communications—assessing, first, the current state of the art and, second, projections for the future.
Ramqvist concludes that because information technologies allow for the dissemination of information, and thus understanding, they will form the basis for a more equitable, humane society. Hiroshi Inose examines the telecommunications sector from a different angle—the effect of globalization on the entire industry. Particular technological advances, for example, the convergence of service modes and the microelectronics revolution, provide economies of scale but also require rapid inputs for capital investment.
Among the problems and challenges Inose addresses are the software crisis, or the high cost of developing more sophisticated and diversified software; structural changes in industry, particularly in job design and labor requirements; standardization and maintaining interoperability between systems and equipment; reliability and security of systems against both external and internal disturbances; and integrity of information and protection of privacy.
Like Ramqvist, Inose views telecommunications technology as the means to promote mutual understanding and cultural enrichment worldwide. Perspectives on the impact of technology on another industrial sector—construction—are presented by Alden Yates who describes the most significant trends in the areas of construction-related design, construction equipment and methods, automation and expert systems, and construction management.
Computer-aided design has, among other things, improved communication between designer and supplier and speeded up the design development process. Increases in productivity are being achieved through off-site fabrication and assembly and robotics.
Logistics practices, skill requirements, and labor-management relations are also changing as a result of these new technologies. Then browse over free courses on OpenLearn and sign up to our newsletter to hear about new free courses as they are released.
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Landes, , pp. Question 1 Can you think of new industries that have grown out of the PC and the internet? Answer You may have thought of online shopping, internet banking, digital cameras, information services such as online recipes and computer desks. Previous 1 Technological advancement.
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Procedia Engineering — Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Chai-Lee Goi. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Reprints and Permissions. Goi, CL. The impact of technological innovation on building a sustainable city. Int J Qual Innov 3, 6 Download citation. Received : 16 June Accepted : 12 September Published : 11 October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all SpringerOpen articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract By , the population living in major cities, especially in developing countries, will have increased twofold.
Review This review paper will be significantly important to the society in terms of building a more sustainable city especially related to economy, social and environment through the technological innovation. Introduction Cities can be classified based on the cities proper administrative , the extent of the urban area, or the metropolitan regions [ 1 ]. The paper is organised as follows: The first section is related to technological innovation.
The third section covers the impact of technological innovation on building a sustainable city. The final section discusses the conclusion and the limitations for future research. Full size image. Four dimensions of sustainable development have been identified in building a more sustainable city [ 36 , 37 ]: Environmental dimension is related to the objectives of the conservation and preservation of the environment. Conclusions The world is undergoing an endless wave of urban growth.
Thus, the design of the proposed research propositions is as follows: Proposition 1: The new idea of technological innovation has an impact on building a sustainable city. Research model. References 1. Accessed 7 Jan 2. Accessed 12 May 3. Accessed 22 Feb 4. Accessed 15 Dec 5. Accessed 15 Dec 7. Accessed 15 Dec 8. Accessed 16 Mar 9. Technovation 29 2 — Article Google Scholar Accessed 16 Dec Google Scholar Accessed 12 May Google Scholar
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